Review of Bangladesh Clothing Industry

Agriculture, as the situation in India, has been the central source of economic climate and chief earnings for the people of Bangladesh, the nation created of villages. Govt wants to reduce hardship by getting highest efficiency from farming and accomplish self-reliance in food development. Apart from farming, the nation is much worried about the development of company department. Bangladesh have faster and modified her exports substantially every now and then. After Bangladesh came into being, jute and tea were the most export-oriented sectors. But with the constant perils of overflow, failing jute fiber prices and a significant decline in globe demand, the part of the jute industry to the nation's economic climate has damaged (Spinanger, 1986). After that, focus has been shifted to the operate of development industry, especially in outfits industry.

The outfits industry of Bangladesh has been the key company department and a primary resource of forex trading for the last 25 decades. At present, the nation generates about $5 million worth of items each year by exporting outfits. The industry provides career to about 3 million employees of whom 90% are women. Two non-market components have performed a vital operate in confirming the outfits industry's constant success; these components are (a) percentage under Multi- Fibre Arrangement1 (MFA) in the Northern American industry and (b) special industry use of European marketplaces. The whole procedure is highly relevant to with the trend of transfer of development.

Displacement of Production in the Garment Industry

The worldwide economic climate is now managed by the exchange of development where firms of west swing their interest to creating nations. The new representation is centred on a core-periphery program of development, with a relatively little center of permanent employees dealing with fund, analysis and development, technological institution and modernisation and a outside containing dependent components of development procedure. Reducing expenses and increasing outcome are the primary causes for this temperament. They have discovered that the simplest way to undercharge is to move development to a nation where manual perform cost and development expenses are reduced. Since third globe nations provide places that do not impose expenses like environmental degeneration, this exercise protects the west against the issues of environment and law. The exchange of development to Third World has assisted the development of economic climate of these nations and also rate up the economic climate of the west.

Garment industry is managed by the exchange of development. The globalisation of outfits development started previously and has extended more than that of any other manufacturer. The organizations have relocated their blue-collar development activities from high-wage places to low-cost production regions in industrialising nations. The improvement of interaction program and networking has played a key part in this development. Export-oriented production has gotten some good returns to the industrialising nations of Asia and Latin The usa of america since the Sixties. The first transfer of outfits production took position from Northern The usa of america and European European countries to Asia in the 50's and the early Sixties. But during 1965 and 1983, Asia modified its interest to more lucrative items like cars, stereos and computers and therefore, 400,000 employees were dismissed by Japanese fabric and outfits industry. In impact, the second stock market of outfits production was from Asia to the Oriental Lions - Southern region South korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore in Seventies. But the propensity of exchange of production did not remain there. The development of manual perform cost and activeness of company unions were in percentage to the improvement in financial systems of the Oriental Lions. The industry witnessed a third exchange of production from Nineteen-eighties to 1990s; from the Oriental Lions to other creating nations - Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines and Chinese suppliers in particular. The 90's have been led by the final list of exporters such as Bangladesh, Srilanka, Pakistan and Vietnam. But Chinese suppliers was leader in the current of the transfer as in less than ten decades (after 1980s) Chinese suppliers emerged from nowhere to become the world's major manufacturer and exporter of outfits.

Bangladesh Garment Sector and Global Chain
The cause of this exchange can be resolved by the salary structure in the outfits industry, all over the globe. Outfits manual perform cost per hour (wages and fringe benefits, US$) in USA is 10.12 but it is only 0.30 in Bangladesh. This difference faster the globe apparel exports from $3 million in 1965, with third globe nations creating up just 14 % of the total, to $119 million in 1991, with third globe nations contributing 59 %. In 1991 the variety of employees in the ready-made outfits industry of Bangladesh was 582,000 and it grew up to 1,404,000 in 1998. In USA, however, 1991-figure showed 1,106.0 million employees in the apparel industry and in 1998 it turned down to 765. 8 million.

The presented information shows that the propensity of low manual perform expenses is the key purpose for the exchange of outfits production in Bangladesh. The exercise started in late Seventies when the Oriental Competition nations were in quest of techniques to avoid the company percentage of European nations. The outfits techniques of Bangladesh are mainly relying on the 'tiger' nations for raw components. Mediators in Oriental Competition nations build an intermediary between the fabric techniques in their home nations, where the spinning and weaving go on, and the Bangladeshi techniques where the cloth is cut, sewn, ironed and packed into cartons for company. The same representatives of tiger nations discover the industry for Bangladesh in several nations of the Northern. Huge retail trading organizations placed in the United States and European European countries give most orders for Bangladeshi outfits items. The likes of Marks and Spencers (UK) and C&A (the Netherlands) management investment funds, in percentage to which the investment of Bangladeshi owners is patience. Shirts manufactured in Bangladesh are sold in west for five to ten periods their brought in cost.

Collaboration of a native personal outfits industry, Desh Organization, with a Japanese company, Daewoo is an essential example of worldwide outfits cycle that works as one of the grounds of the development of outfits industry in Bangladesh. Daewoo Organization of Southern region South korea, as part of its worldwide policies, took interest in Bangladesh when the Chair, Kim Woo-Choong, provided an aspiring partnership to the Govt of Bangladesh, which involved the development and procedure of tyre, leather goods, and cement and outfits industries. The Desh-Daewoo partnership was major with regards to getting into the worldwide apparel marketplaces at significant juncture, when import reforming was going on in this industry following the signing of MFA in 1974. Daewoo, a Southern region Japanese major exporter of apparel, was in search of possibilities in nations, which had hardly used their percentage. Due to the allowance restriction for South korea after MFA, the company of Daewoo became limited. Bangladesh as an LDC got the chance to company without any restriction and for this cause Daewoo was worried with the use of Bangladesh for their industry. The purpose behind this need was that Bangladesh would depend on Daewoo for publishing raw components and simultaneously Daewoo would get the industry in Bangladesh. When the Chair of Daewoo displayed interest in Bangladesh, the nation's President put him in touch with chairman of Desh Organization, an ex-civil servant who was seeking more business pursuits.

To satisfy this wish, Daewoo signed a cooperation agreement with Desh Garment for five decades. The agreement also incorporated the fields of technical exercising, buy of equipment and fabric, flower establishment and marketing in come back for a specific marketing commission on all exports by Desh during the agreement phase. Daewoo also imparted an exhaustive practical exercising of Desh employees in the significant environment of a multinational company. Daewoo keenly assisted Desh in purchasing equipment and materials. Some specialists of Daewoo arrived Bangladesh to identify the flower for Desh. The end outcome of the association of Desh-Daewoo was essential. In the first six decades of its company, i.e. 1980/81-86/87, Desh company value improved at an annual regular rate of 90%, reaching more than $5 million in 1986/87.

It is stated that the Desh-Daewoo partnership is a significant element for the development and achievement of Bangladesh's entire outfits company industry. After getting linked with Daewoo's famous brands and marketing system, offshore buyers went on with purchasing apparel from the company heedless of their origin. Out of the opening individuals most departed Desh Organization at several periods to erect their own competing outfits organizations, worked as a way of going understanding all through the whole outfits industry.

It is essential to identify the outcomes of the procedure of going development from great pay to low pay nations for both creating and west. It is a bare fact that most of the Third World nations are now on the way to industrialisation. In this procedure, employees works under damaging office - little earnings, unhealthy position of perform, deficiency of security, no job assurance, pressured manual perform etc.

The route of globalisation is full of ups and downs for the third globe nations. Relocations of relatively mobile, blue-collar development from developed to third globe nations, in some circumstances, can have troublesome effects on public interaction if - in the insufficient efficient planning and shares between worldwide organizations and the administration and/or organizations of the host nation - the relocated action encourages urban-bound transfer and its span of stay is short. Another adverse outcome is that the development of career and/or earnings is not expected to be satisfactorily large and extensive to lessen inequality. In relationship with the adverse outcomes of transfer of production on career in west, we realize that in relatively blue-collar sectors, the growing imports from third globe nations lead to unavoidable losses in career. It is held that development of company with the Southern region was a significant purpose of the disindustrialisation of career in the Northern over previous few decades.

After all employees who are constantly operating under damaging circumstances have to bear the impact. Jobs are under-control across the Bangladesh outfits industry. Appalling operating environment has been revealed in the Bangladesh outfits industry.

A analysis shows that 90 % of the outfits employees went through illness or disease during the month before the interviews. Headache, anaemia, fever, chest, stomach, eye and ear pain, cough and cold, diarrhea, dysentery, uti and libido problems were more common illnesses. The outfits industries gave extra of different illnesses to the employees for operating. With a view to finding out a link between these illnesses and company risks, wellness status of employees has been analyzed before and after coming in the outfits perform. At the end of examination, it was come out that about 75 % of the outfits employees had sound wellness before they entered the outfits manufacturer. The reasons of wellness decreases were company risks, damaging office, and want of staff facilities, rigid circumstances of outfits career, office stress, and low earnings. Different work-related risks and their influence on wellness pressured employees to leave the job after few months of joining the factory; the normal length of assistance was only 4 decades.

The outfits industry is disreputable for fires, which are said to have stated over 200 life in previous periods two decades, though exact figures are tough to find. A shocking example of insufficient office protection was the fire in Nov 2000, in which almost 50 employees died in Narsingdi as are available doors were closed.

From the above analysis of operating environment of outfits industry, we can condition that the office of most of the Third World nations, particularly Bangladesh remind us of previously development of outfits sectors in the First World nations. The condition of career in many (not necessarily) materials and outfits techniques in the third globe nations take us back to those set up in the nineteenth millennium in European countries and Northern The usa of america. The mistreatment of outfits employees in the birth period of the development of US outfits industries analyzed above is more or less same as it seen now in the Bangladesh outfits industry. Can we condition that outfits employees of the Third World nations residing in the 21st century? Is it a come back of the Sweatshop?

In a way, the European organizations are guilty of pitiable operating environment in the outfits industry. The west want to make more profit and therefore, force the third globe nations to cut down the production cost. To live in the competitors, most of the third globe nations select wrong methods. By presenting rigid circumstances in the company, the worldwide economic climate has departed few solutions for the third globe nations.

Right Time to Make a Decision
There are two solutions to tackle the challenge of the aggressive globe started by the continuous stress of worldwide outfits cycle. One can remain in the competitors by adopting time-honoured perform techniques or wrong methods. But it is uncertain how long they can remain. In relationship with the outfits industry of Bangladesh, we can say that this is the proper time to follow a aggressive plan, which increases excellent. If the MFA possibilities are eliminated, will it be feasible to keep the competition through low-wage-female manual perform or through further drop in women wages? Possibly not. Since the manual perform expenses are so little that with such salary, a worker is not able to maintain even a family of two members. Enhancing the efficiency of women employees is the only solution to improved competitors. Proper education and thorough exercising can help accomplish these great outcomes. To rule the worldwide industry, Bangladesh has to come out of low salary and low outcome complex in the outfits industry. Bangladesh can boost manual perform outcome through constant exercising, use of upgraded engineering and better office. Bangladesh should plan a strategy intended for promoting skill development, speeding up engineering exchange and improving efficiency height of the employees.

Another method is to adopt best program or ethical course. Those organizations, which react to heightened competitors by stressing excellent, speedy answer of the customers, fair methods for labourers should have the most innovative methods. We think that we are now residing in the age of competitors in producing enhanced excellent over cost-reduction plan. The objective of change efforts at the office has been modified over enough time - from creating the job humane in the Sixties, to job satisfaction and outcome in Seventies, to excellent and competition in the Nineteen-eighties. It is necessary for an organization to pursue a aggressive plan that increases excellent, flexibility, innovation and customer assistance. If they depend on low expenses by dropping labourers' earnings and other solutions, they will be bereaved of labourers' dedication to perform.

Strength

. Considerable Qualified/keen to learn employees available at low manual perform expenses. The recommended minimum regular earnings (which include Travelling Permitting, Home Rent, Medical Permitting, Pregnancy Advantage, Festival Bonus and Extra time Benefit) in the techniques within the Bangladesh Export Processing Areas (BEPZ) are given as below; however, outside the BEPZ the earnings are about 40% lower:

. Power at low price

. Readily available facilities like sea road, railway, river and air communication

. Accessibility of fundamental facilities, which is about 3 decade old, mainly established by the Japanese, Taiwanese and Hong Kong Chinese industrialists.

. FDI is legally permitted

. Moderately open Economy, particularly in the Export Promotion Zones

. GSP under EBA (Everything But Arms) for Least Designed Country applicable (Duty totally able to EU)

. Improved GSP benefits under Regional Cumulative

. Awaiting Job Free Excess to US, shares are on, and appear to be on hopeful track

. Financial commitment assured under International Private Financial commitment (Promotion and Protection) Act, 1980 which protects all foreign investments in Bangladesh

. OPIC's (Overseas Private Financial commitment Organization, USA) insurance and fund times operable

. Bangladesh is a member of Multilateral Financial commitment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) under which security and protection precautions are available

. Adjudication assistance of the International Centre for the Settlement of Financial commitment Dispute (ICSID) offered

. Excellent Tele-communications system of E-mail, Internet, Fax, ISD, NWD & Cellular services

. Weak point of currency against dollar and the condition will persist to help exporters

. Bank interest@ 7% for financing exports

. Convenience of responsibility no cost customized bonded w/house

. Readiness of new techniques to boost techniques and create facilities accordant with item development and fast reactions to circumstances

Weakness
. Deficit of marketing tactics

. The nation is deficient in creativity

. Deficit of quickly on-hand middle management

. A few production methods

. Low acquiescence: there is an worldwide stress team to persuade the local producers and the administration to implement public acquiescence. The US GSP may be terminated and purchasing from US & EU may reduce significantly

. M/c advancement is necessary. The equipment required to assess add on a outfits or increase proficiency are missing in most sectors.

. Deficit of exercising organizations for company employees, managers and managers.

. Autocratic approach of nearly all the investors

. Fewer procedure techniques for materials and garments

. Sluggish backward or ahead blending procedure

. Incompetent ports, entry/exit complicated and loading/unloading takes much time

. Speed money culture

. Time-consuming customized clearance

. Not reliable reliability regarding Delivery/QA/Product knowledge

. Communication gap created by incomplete understanding of English

. Subject to natural calamities

Opportunity

. EU is willing to identify industry in a big way as an choice to china particularly for knits, such as sweaters

. Bangladesh is involved in the Least Designed Countries with which US is committed to boost company trade

. Sweatshirts are very economical even with china and is the prospect for Bangladesh

. If skilled specialists are available to instruct, prearranged outfits is an choice because manual perform as well as cost are inexpensive.

. Foundation apparel for Ladies for the FDI promise is significant because both, the specialists and highly developed equipment are essential for better proficiency and output

. Asia to be observed, as conventionally they buy handloom materials, furniture and apparel. This section can be encouraged and extended with continued progress in quality

Threat

. The exporters have to prepare themselves to harvest the benefits provided by the possibilities.

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